Internal combustion engine



Auge, 1940. A H NEULAND 2,209,996

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 22, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet l Il 6 wx A1196 1940 A. H. NEULAND A 2,209,996

I l INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGTNE ATToRNr-:YI

Aug. 6, 1940. A, H NEULAND 2,209,996

INTERNAL coMBUsToN ENGINE Filed Dec. 22', 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 G u O INVEN ATTORNEY Patented Aug. s, 1940 UNITED STATES ,-PailaN'rY ori-ica I INTERNAL croirion ENGmE Alfons H. ldeuland, Irvington, N. J. Appuumcnsricl. 12s-171) o.

v My invention consists in the construction, 'combination and arrangement of the various parts of my improved devices as described in the specification, claimed in my claims and illustrated sin the accompanying drawings'showing a pre-l ferred embodiment, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, of one embodiment of my improved engine showing particularly the ow of the charging uid, the exl0. haust gases and the cooling air. l

Fig. 2'is a partial cross section thru the engine in Fig. 1 with parts broken away to show the corrugated type of exhaust nozzle at the left, the oil pump, the iiuid charging pump and their connection with the crankshaft.

- Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the arrange'- ment of the carburetor, auxiliary generator and ignition equipment.

Fig. 4 is a front elevation, partly in section,

showing the fan housing and distribution of air to the cooling chambers, oil pan, carburetor and auxiliary generator.

Referring to the accompanying drawings and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the reference nu meral I0 designates the engine casing preferably cast from. aluminum or other light metal in one piece. The. casing is shaped to form a kcrank chamber II, an induction or charging chamber I2 and an exhaust chamber I3 and to accommodate two pairs of cylinder elements,- the-cylinders in each pair having an angularv spacing of 90. Each cylinder element consists fof a' sleeve or liner Il which ,may be formed separate from 'and to the barrel or element I5by-suitable means such as' pressiitting, weldingvor hard soldering. One end of the cylinder element is provided with a head I6 and a plurality'of axial' cooling ducts or chambers formed by a large number loi.' closely spaced metal strips or ns I1 v Vand by a thin sleeve l'arranged to' encircle...tiieA cylinderl and the fins. After assembly, the are permanently joined with the cylinder ment by hard soldering in a furnace with conv trolled reducing gas atmosphere at a tempera.

ture ranging ufrom 1400 to zioo deg-F. depending on whether silver, brass alloy or copper solder is used.kv Solder in the form of wire, strip or amin sheetis applied adjacentto all partsto be joined, preferablyfqduring assembly, and serves 5oA after treatment ing-the furnace not only to provide a strong 'bond between the cylinder element and the ns but also as an eicient medium tov transfer heat from the cylinder barrel to the.

cooling iins. With .this construction I am able ,jto secure a clo spacingof the ns at. low cost,.

24'. This a a much greaterl cooling area thanispossible with cast or machined i-lns and increased power output in instances where temperature is the limiting factor.- The cylinder elements are securely bolted to the engine casing and provide closures '5.1 for the induction chamber I2. The cover or housing- I9 for each cylinder bank serves as a closure for the exhaust chamber I3 and forms an air jacket or chamber around the cylinders from. which air is supplied to the cooling Sducts 10' of the cylinders. l

According to my invention each cylinder, is charged from the induction chamber by a series of induction ports 20 arranged around preferably the entireperipheryV of the cylinder, and the Il burnt gases are expelled thru a plurality of ex- -haust ports 2i also arranged around preferably haust chamber. The cylinder cooling ducts m' formed by the fins I1 also open into the exhaust chamber in close proximity to the exhaust ports.

I also provide a cooling air impelling, or exhaust'v nozzle 22 interposed between the cooling ductopenings and the exhaust ports to establish inti- 2| mate contact between the exhaust blast and the. stream of cooling air emergingA from the cooling ducts. The preferred form of nozzle shown in Figs. 1 and 2, consists of a thin washer or ring encircling the cylinder shapedto forma corru- 3'0 gated or wavy edge facing the exhaust chamber. With this arrangement the exhaust gasesr are blasted in to the exhaust chamber in a thin stream or streams and form a strong vacuum in the adjacent grooves facing the cooling ducts. Cool- 35 ing air is thereby drawn thru the ducts at high velocity, impinged on the nozzle surface mixed with the exhaust gases as it ieaves the nozzle,

e exhaust chamber and expelled casing thru 'the pipes 23 and -40 ement also serves to slow down and to cool the exhaust gases,leiectively muiiles the exhaust noise and prevents overheating of the engine casing. It should be noted that even though the exhaust nozzle openings are narrow 45 the aggregate section of the nozzle opening is considerable and'may be made to equal that of the exhaust ports in\ix;)he cylinder. As a result the cylinder can be ra idly exhausted and Witho ut excessive velocities thru, and heat transfer 50 to, the nozzles. A'maximum amount of kinetic and heat energy is thus transferred to the cooling air stream.V The aggregate section ofthe nozzle opening facing the cooling ducts may also be made to approximate the combined section ot 55 the cooling ducts to facilitate the now of cooling air during the periods when the exhaust ports are closed. With this arrangement cooling of the engine cylinders varies `not only with the speed of the engine but also with the changesin load and is approximately proportional to the amount of fuel burned in the cylinders. The nozzle 22 is also effectively cooled by the stream ofv cooling air from the ducts impinging upon it. It will be seen that after the cylinder has been nearly exhausted and the velocity of the exhaust gases thru the nozzle is less than that of the cooling air flowing past the nozzle, the cooling air establishes a partial vacuum in the exhaust fore uncovering the induction ports. By means of my construction and arrangement of oppositely positioned induction ports, the charging uid is sucked into or, by auxiliary means is.

blown 'into the cylinder from opposite sides to join in the central portion land to form a nucleus which expands outwardly and forces any remaining exhaust gases toward the cylinder wall and in the direction of and out thru the exhaust ports.

In order to fully charge the cylinders and to supercharge them at high engine speeds I provide adisplacement device, preferably connected with and driven from the crankshaft for supplying the cylinders with a definite quantity of charging duid per revolution. The displacement device or uid pump illustrated in Fig. 2 consists of a hollow piston 26 connected to the crankshaft 21 by the connecting rod 23. The piston operates within a cylinder 23 which is supported and kept in position at its ends by heads 30 and 3l. -The heads are fitted within the engine casing and cover 32 and are notched -at their outer periphery to form a large number of exhaust ports normally covered by thin metal disk valves 33 and 34 provided with a plurality of inwardly extending radial prongs adapted to iiex and t0 open the exhaust ports when the fluid pressure in the cylinder exceeds that in the induction f chamber l2 with which the outer pump chamber 35 is connected. The pump 'piston 26 is provided with fiat valves 36 and 31, similar to the valves 33 and 34, which cover and close the large number of intake ports, arranged in the face of the piston, whenever pressure develops in the pump cylinder.

Charging fluid is drawn into the hollow piston thru the piston sleeve 33 and alternately thru the valves 36 and y31 into the cylinder, and is expelled into the outer pump chamber and into the induction chamber l2 thru the disk valves 33 and 34. The displacement pump thus serves to meter and supply a predetermined maximum quantity of charging fluid to the cylinders per revolution and develops the necessary pressure to force it into the cylinders.

While the illustrated engine is provided withv spark plugs" 39, high tension coils 40, breaker mechanism 4| and a carburetor 42 for operation with a gaseous mixture, the engine may instead be provided with equipment such as an injector and fuel pump suitable for operating it with compression ignition; or it may be operated, if desired, in still other Ways without departing from the spirit of my invention.

As the engine speed increases the period, during which the cylinder must be exhausted and freshly charged, is shortened and the pressure developed by the fluid pump increases suiiciently to force the quantity of iiuid delivered by it into the cylinders. Since, as heretofore set forth, the exhaust'ports in and nozzles associated with the cylinder are proportioned for a moderate loss of heat to the cylinders, the importance of the drag exerted by the cooling air stream upon the exhaust gases to build up an increased induction pressure will be appreciated particularly because it substantially does not interfere with the exhaust of the bulk of the burnt gases during the period when the exhaust pressure is high, but becomes increasingly effective during the induction period when the pressure in the cylinder is relatively low. The extra energy required by the induction pump to produce the higher induction pressure is partly recovered and transferred to the cooling air stream by the increased velocity of the exhaust gases thru the exhaust nozzle during the induction period.

When the engine is equipped for liquid fuel injection the capacity of the induction pump may be made considerably `greater than the combined capacity ofthe power cylinders, the excess air serving to cool the inside walls of the cylinder and piston, and as it is blown thru the exhaust nozzle to impel the external stream of cooling;

air. l

As heretofore mentioned the disk valves associated with the induction pump are very thin.

open and close rapidly and in response to slight pressure differences. The large aggregate. section of the intake and of the exhaust ports, made possible' by their arrangement at or near the lThey have'but little inertia and are adapted to periphery of the cylinder, facilitates the flow of f iiuid into and out of the cylinder at moderate velocities and makes the pump suitable for op-4 eration at high speed.

While the volumetric efficiency of the induction pump is relatively high itdecreases with increasing engine speed and in order to counteract this tendency I provide a blower having an impeller 43 driven by-and preferably directly mounted on the shaft 21 and disposed within the engine casing I0.' The blower housing is arranged to form a plurality of exhaust chambers around its outer periphery, the chamber 44 being'connected to the central intake port of the induction pump by means of the tube 45 and carburetor 42. Since the blower pressure increases with engine speed,

it may be proportioned to compensate for any drop of volumetric efficiency or so as to increasingly supercharge the induction pump and powa` cylinders as the engine speed increases. 'I'he flow of charging fluid into the cylinders is controlled in conventional manner by the throttle 46.

rI'he blower housing is provided with another chamber 41 which exhausts into the cover housing I9 and into the cylinder cooling chamber or ducts at a pressure which increases with engine speed and supplies an extra quantity of cooling air to compensate for the greater friction losses at such higher engine speeds. The horizontal bank of vpowergcylinders is in like manner suppliedwith air from the chamber 48.

I also provide means for effectively cooling the .neng-lne lubricating oil with air under pressure u supplied by the blower consisting of an oil pan 5I having a series of internal fins Sli and. a series of external closely spaced iins 5l attached to its bottom. A cover.52 is iitted over the external ns and over still another exhaustrchamber 53 in the blower housing and serves todirect air under pressure thru the cooling iin ducts. With this relatively simple arrangement asubstantialamount of heat from the engine bearings is carried away in the cooling air stream and may be other purposes.

In order to secure compactness, simlicity of construction and quiet operation I provide a special reciprocating oil pump. The pump consists of a plunger 56 connected to the forwar'dcrank of the engine shaft by the connecting rod 55. Oil

is drawn into the lower pump chamber 56 "thru the filtering screen'l and past the disk valve 5 during the suction stroke and thereafter forced past another disk valve 59 into the pressure chamber 8B from which it is distributed to ducts '5l and 52 in the engine housing and ducts 63 and it in the bearing brackets 65-and S6 respectively to the crankshaft journals. The pressure chamber of the oil pump is provided with an upright chamber 61 in which a quantity of air is trapped and which serves to equalize the oil pressure.

I further provide a specially7 assembled crankshaft 21 in order to permit the use of one piece connecting rods and bearings and to secure certain other advantages. It consists of two main parts each provided with a main journal, a counter weight and a crank. The cranks are extended beyond their journal surfaces and the extensions on their inner sides are bored out concentric with the main journals and to the same dimension as the round plug 1U interposed between crank exia tensions. The clamp 1| is provided with opposltelyvpositioned holes ground to the same diameter as the crankpins and may have any desired angular spacing which in the present instance is 180. The clamp is also provided with a central clearance hole for the plug. 10 connecting with the outer holes and is drilled to receive the thru bolts 12 which also extend thru-the plug 10. To

assemble, the clamp, plug and bolts are inserted into the crank chamber as a unit, the cylinder assemblies including the pistons and connecting rods are inserted and bolted into place and thereafter the crank ends are slid thru the connecting rods and into the clamp bores and firmly `clamped together by means of the bolts 12. This construction greatly facilitates assembly, insures positive and perfect alignment of the two parts of the crank shaft, and has great riglditybecause of the great force with which the clamp presses the ends of the cranks against the central or aligning plug 10. The subject matter of the assembled crankshaft feature of my invention is more fully described and is claimed in a separate application Serial No. 332,212 led'April 29, 1940.

vIgnition forvthe cylinders is furnished preferably by separate ignition coils Il for each cylinder supplied by the generator 1l to the breaker unit 4I. The breaker unit and generator are driv- -en at engine speed by the worm 14 engaging with from'the cover housings i9 thru openings arrangedaround the plugs' and so as to direct a stream of air against the body of the plugs. The generator is mounted over the blower housing .and is also cooled with air supplied by the blower. employed to heat the interior of a vehicle or for The impeller blades are enclosed by an annular member 68 and the air entering the blower is cleaned bythe iiltering screen 69. l

Among the many advantages arising from the use of my construction it may be well to mention the 'compactness 'and rigidity of the short crankshaft and engine, and the simplicity, quiet l operation and light weight brought about by the elimination of poppet valves, cam shaft, gears, water cooling system-mller, manifolds and the reduction in thje number of cylinders. These advantages 'make -my` engine particularly suited for use in rear engined automobiles.

Some changes'. may be made in the arrange-l,

ment, constructionl and combination of the various parts of my engine and one or more of the features disclosed herein may be used in other embodiments without departing from the spirit of my invention, and I desire to cover by my claims such changes and other embodiments which may reasonably be included within the scope thereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an air cooled internal combustion engine having a cylinder developing an exhaust gas, a chamber for a cooling air stream in heat conducting relation with said engine, an exhaust gas i distributing chamber connected with the interior of said cylinder, and means associated with said air chamber and with said exhaust gas distributing chamber Vfor impelling said cooling air stream by said exhaust gas, said means forming a series of closely spaced narrow ducts arranged fiatwise side by side and thereby forming a series of streams from the cooling air chamber alternat- .-ing with a series of intermediate streams from i said exhaust gas chamber so that the exhaust gas streams act on opposite flat sides of said cooling said cooling air stream by said exhaust gas, said means forming a series of closely spaced narrow ducts arranged flatwise side by side and thereby forming a series of streams from the cooling air chamber alternating with a series of intermediate streams from said exhaust gas chamber `so that the exhaust gas streams act on opposite` flat sides of said cooling air streams.

ALFONS H. NEULAND. 

